THE:英特尔SGX和区块链安全：iExec的端到端解决方案

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英特尔SGX和区块链

iExec端到端解决方案

iExec很荣幸地宣布即将推出首个集成英特尔SGX的端到端解决方案，用于分布式计算的安全技术应用。在2018年10月30日布拉格Devcon4会议上，iExec和英特尔将宣布重大合作新闻。

张磊，iExec安全总监介绍了英特尔SGXEnclave技术，以及如何保证参与区块链网络的用户和应用的安全问题，特别是基于区块链的分布式云技术方面。

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正文相关链接

IntelSGX:https://software.intel.com/en-us/sgx

Thechallenge:Howcanweguaranteesecurityondecentralizedanddistributednetworks?

Blockchain-basedapplicationsandcomputingarenotownedorcontrolledbyonespecificentitybutratherpoweredbyadistributednetworkofmultiplemachinesor‘nodes’.Thedistributednatureofdecentralizedcloudcomputingnetworkspresentachallengetoguaranteesecurityasanyrootprivilegeusermayeasilyinspectthesensitivedataandtamperwiththeapplicationrunningonthedecentralizedhost.Fortraditionalcentralizedcloudcomputingproviders,itiseasiertoemployexistingsecuritymechanismsprotecttheinvolvedapplication.

Fordecentralizedblockchain-basedclouds,asilicon-basedsecuritysolution,called‘IntelSGX’,istheonlyefficientsolutiontoprotectusersandapplicationsinvolvedinBlockchain-baseddecentralizedcomputing.

IntelSGX(IntelSoftwareGuardExtensions),isasetofCPUinstructioncodesthatenabletheexecutionofselectpiecescodeanddatainprotectedareascalledenclaves.Basically,whileyouhaveanapplicationrunningonahostmachine,SGXenclavesessentiallyactasabubble,isolatingandprotectingtheapplicationfromthehostmachine,inthisway,eventherootprivilegeadministratorofthehostmachineisnotabletopenetratethisbubbletoaccessandtamperwiththeapplication.

英特尔计划今年提高芯片价格，部分芯片价格或上涨20%:金色财经消息，英特尔将在今年晚些时候提高其旗舰CPU和各种其他芯片的价格，包括Wi-Fi和其他连接芯片。英特尔已经通知了客户价格上涨的消息，这可能会导致假期期间更多的PC和笔记本电脑价格上涨。虽然最终定价尚未确定，但一些芯片可能会上涨20%。

英特尔今年早些时候已经警告说，由于通货膨胀持续，以及材料、运输和劳动力成本的上升，该公司正在考虑提高某些芯片的价格。“在第一季度财报电话会议上，英特尔表示，由于通胀压力，它将提高某些业务领域的定价，”英特尔发言人在日经新闻的一份声明中表示，“公司已经开始通知客户这些变化。”

6月底，英特尔宣布开始交付专用于挖矿的定制芯片Intel Blockscale ASIC，Argo、GRIID、HIVE等加密货币矿企为首批客户。目前尚不清楚本次涨价是否会影响矿机芯片。（The Verge）[2022/7/16 2:16:56]

AnintroductiontoIntelSGXEnclaves-iExecSecurityR&D,LeiZhang

“WhatmakesIntelSGXcompellingisthatitprovidesahardwaretrustedexecutionenvironment(TEE),allowingbetterprotectionsfordatain-use,at-restandin-transit,built-inCPUinstructionsandplatformenhancementsprovidecryptographicassertionsforthecodethatispermittedtoaccessthedata.Ifthecodeisalteredortampered,thenaccessisdeniedandtheenvironmentdisabled.”

—RickEchevarria,VicepresidentofIntel’sSoftwareandServicesGroup.

1.TheiExecE2ESGXsolution

iExecispioneeringthebuildingofablockchain-enableddecentralizedanddistributedcloudnetwork.Theyhavenowprovidedthefirsteverfullandend-to-endsolutionintegratingSGXfortheblockchain-basedcloud.SomeofourinitialworkwithintelSGXcanbereadinthisblogpostandiscoveredinthisvideopresentation.iExecpresentedthefirstphaseofworkonSGXinMarch2018attheIBMThinkConferenceinLasVegasandco-presentedalongsideIntelinMay2018atConsensusinNewYork..Thisfirstphasefocusedontheprotectionofthesecretsbuiltindecentralizedapplications:althoughtheapplicationsrunsondecentralizednodes,theinvolvedsensitivedatacannotbeinspectedoralteredwithbymaliciousattackersonthenetwork.Howeverthefirststageofworkwasbasedonsomesophisticated(raw)frameworksandthefunctionalityofthesolutionwaslimitedtoonlyprotectnativesecretsoftheapplication,furthermorethesolutioncouldbecomplicatedforappdevelopersandusers,especiallyforthosewhoarenotinthefieldofITandcomputing.

惠普前高管加盟英特尔出任首席商务官:2月22日消息，据“知IN”微信公众号消息，英特尔公司近日宣布，任命Christoph Schell担任执行副总裁兼首席商务官，从3月14日起领导英特尔销售、营销与传播集团。

据悉，Christoph Schell将接替Michelle Johnston Holthaus的职务，后者将担任英特尔客户端计算事业部总经理。Schell将成为执行领导团队的一员，并直接向CEO基辛格汇报。据悉，加入英特尔之前，Schell曾在惠普公司担任首席商务官。[2022/2/22 10:08:54]

iExechastocontinuedtomakesignificantcontributions,workingdiligentlywithourpartners,topushforwardapowerfulanduser-friendlyend-to-endSGXsolution.Thissolutionisintendedtobeusedasanindustryreferencetoenhancetheoverallsecurityofdecentralizedcloudcomputing.ThisnewSGXsolution,combinedwithBlockchain,allowsforunmatchedleveloftrustforDecentralizedApplications(Dapps)andexecution/dataprocessingondecentralizednodes.TheiExecapproachspecificallyallowsBlockchaintoworkwithSGXinorderto:

ProtecttheDAppandprovidefulldataprotectionthatcannotbeaccessedbytheexecutionhost,especiallyforuser’sinputandoutputdata.

GuaranteetheintegrationoftheDapp/Data,makingsurethecorrectandexpectedDApporDataisrunningonthedecentralizednode.

Provideblockchain-basedvalidationforoff-chaincomputing,verifyingthattheDappiscorrectlyexecutedinanenclaveandisneithertamperednorinterruptedbythedecentralizednode.Asmart-contractsignatureissignedinsidethissecureenclavebeforetheverificationisdonebytheblockchainnetwork.

英特尔：我们将为区块链技术的发展做出贡献:2月11日消息，据推特用户Walter Bloomberg@DeItaone消息，英特尔表示，将为开发区块链技术做出贡献，区块链加速器将于今年晚些时候发货。[2022/2/11 9:46:14]

MakesuretheexecutionandDAppresultisvalid,neithercopied,norfabricatedbymaliciousdecentralizednode.

Protecttheend-to-endprivacyofDAppresult,whichcanneverbeinspectedbyanyoneelsebuttheuser.

Afriendly-userinterface:significantsimplificationforuserstoencrypt/decrypttheinput/outputdataandtriggertheSGXapplicationexecution.

EasyusabilityisakeyelementofUserExperience;withthenewiExecE2ESGXsolution,useronlyneeds3simplestepstorunanE2ESGXapplicationandtoprovideafullprotectionofuser’sinputandoutputdata.

Let’sthinkaboutatypicalSGXapplication,sayforexampleaFinTechapplication.Theapplicationisfedbysomeuserinputdatawhichcontainssomeuser’spersonalandsensitivesecrets(e.g.bankaccountinformation,personalprivacy,etc…),theoutputresultsoftheapplicationalsocontainsomesensitivedataandareonlyintendedtouserwhotriggerstheapplication.Theinputdataandtheoutputresultsneedtobestrictlyprotectedduringthewholeprocedure.Thenon-encryptedsensitivedataneverleavesuserlocalscopeorhigh-securedtrustedexecutionenvironment:SXGenclave.Hereisagenericdescriptionofthe3simplestepsofiExec’sSGXsolution.

黑莓与英特尔合作推出加密劫持软件检测解决方案:黑莓有限公司（BlackBerry）今天宣布发布黑莓?Optics v2.5.1100，该产品可用于基于Intel的商用PC的加密挖矿和加密劫持检测。加密劫持是在设备上安装恶意软件，目的是在用户不知情的情况下劫持计算能力来挖掘加密货币，黑莓与英特尔在有效阻止加密劫持的技术上进行了合作，用户可以在Windows10操作系统上，以高精度的结果来检测和缓解加密劫持。（美通社）[2020/6/17]

Step1:Useronlyneedstorunonesimplecommandwhichallowstoautomatically:

Encryptuser’sinputdata

Pushtheencrypteddatatoaremotefilesystem(i.e.theremotefilesystemcanbeanypublicfilesharingserviceandenduserisfreetochoosehis/herpreferredone,pleasenotethatthisserviceisnotprovidedbyiExec)

Updaterelatedsessiondata(i.e.eachuser’striggeringoftheapplicationisasession)toaSGXbasedsecretmanagementservice.Secretmanagementservicecanbedeployedinaflexibleway:itcanbeatuser’sside,orscheduler’sside(i.e.SGXworkpool).

Step2:UsertriggersthetargetapplicationviasimpleclicksfromtheiExecDappstoreandmarketplaceviaauser-friendlyUIinterface.

OncethetargetapplicationistriggeredatremoteSGXdecentralizednode,theapplicationwillfirstlyautomaticallypulltheencrypteduserinputdatafromremotefilesystem(i.e.pushedinstep1);retrievethesecretkeyviasecuredSGXprovisionchannel,whichisthenusedtodecrypttheuserinputdata,thedecryptionisdoneonlyinsidethehigh-securedtrustedenvironment—SGXenclave;thedecrypteddatacanthenbeusedtofeedtheapplicationexecution,assoonastheapplicationresultisavailable,asignatureisprecededbasedontheprivatekeyprotectedinsidetheSGXenclave,whichcannotbeinspectedbytheoutsideworld.TheapplicationresultisfinallyencryptedandthentheiExec’sverificationprocedure(i.e.ProofofContribution)istriggered.EverythingissecurelyhappenedinsidetheIntelSGXenclaveensuredbyIntelhardwareCPUandnosecretisabletorevealedtotheoutsideworld.

英特尔废弃芯片工厂被收购用于采矿:据bitcoinist消息，位于美国加利福尼亚州的3G Venture II公司表示，将在科罗拉多斯普林斯收购一些废弃的英特尔芯片工厂，以用于挖掘比特币。[2018/6/23]

Thesignatureisfinallytransferredtoon-chainnetworkandverifiedbyon-chainsmartcontractviatheregisteredcorrespondingpublickey.Ifthesignatureverificationpassesandapplicationresult’strustlevelachievesagiventhreshold.Theuserwillbeinformedtodownloadtheencryptedresult.

Thewholeprocedureisdoneautomaticallyinahighsecureway,andthisprocedureistriggeredbyonlysomesimpleclicksfromuserviathefriendlyUIinterface.

Fig.1iExec’sE2ESGXworkflow

Step3:Usercandownloadtheencryptedresultpackage,andusercanjustrunonesimplecommandtodecrypttheresult.Pleasenotethatonlytheuserwhotriggersthetask(i.e.SGXapplication)isabletodownloadtheencryptedresult,andonlytheuserownsthekeytodecrypttheapplicationresult.

Pleasenotethattheprocedureisplatformindependent,andthereforeiscompatiblewithdifferentoperatingsystems:Windows,Linux,MacOS.

Inthenearfuture,wewillfurthersimplifyuser’sprocedure—allthethreestepswillbeintegratedintoonesimplestep,andcanbedonebyseveralsimpleclicksfromuserviauserfriendlyuserinterface—https://market.iex.ec/.

2.TheiExecSolutionisSGXVendorAgnostic

TheiExecplatformisopentodifferentSGXsolutionvendors.Specifically,iExechasbeencollaboratingwithSCONEandFortanixtointegratetheirSGXframeworksintoiExec’sE2ESGXsolution.WearealsointhephaseofevaluatingIntel’sPDOframework.Inthefuture,wewillalsoconsidertheSGXframeworkofGraphene/Graphene-ng.AllthemainstreamSGXsolutionswillbe100%compatiblewithiExec’splatform,andwewillleaveiExecDappdevelopersanduserstofreelychoosetheirpreferredSGXframeworks.OurobjectistopromotetheemergenceofanecosystemwhichprovidestrustedexecutionforBlockchainbasedcomputing,andthesetrustedservicecanbemonetizedviaiExec’smarketplace.

3.iExecContributionstowardsIndustryStandardization

iExecarepioneersinthefieldofblockchain-basedTrustComputing,andisveryactiveinleadingandpushingforwardtheindustrialstandardizationforinthiscontextforBlockchaintechnology.

Especially:

iExecisveryactiveinEEA(EnterpriseEthereumAlliance):iExecischairingtheTrustedComputeWorkGroup,andkeepscontributingandpushingforwardtheEEAspecifications,especiallytheOff-chainTrustedComputeSpecificationwhichistobepubliclyreleasedsoon.

iExecisactiveinIEEEaswell.iExecismemberofIEEEP2418,andisinvolvedinIEEEstandardprojectonDLT-basedFederatedIdentity,CredentialandTrustManagement.iExecleadsthestandardizationworkinseveralBlockchainbaseddomains,especiallythesecurityandTEE(TrustedExecutionEnvironment)

iExeciscollaboratingwithhardwaretrustedexecutionvendorstomoveforwardthishardwarebasedsecuritysolution(SGX)tobefullystandard-compliant,staytunedforthecomingupdatesduringDevcon4.

iExecisalsocollaboratingwithourpartnerstomoveforwardthestandardizationforBlockchainbasedFogComputinginthecontextofOpenFogconsortium.SomeresultofthefirststagecollaborationwithourpartnersonFogComputingwillbereleasedsoon,pleasestaytunedinthefollowingdays.

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